A virtual private server (VPS) is a virtual machine sold as a service by an Internet hosting service. A VPS runs its own copy of an operating system, and customers have superuser-level access to that operating system instance, so they can install almost any software that runs on that OS. For many purposes they are functionally equivalent to a dedicated physical server, and being software defined are able to be much more easily created and configured.

Multi-factor authentication is a method of authentication that requires the use of more than one verification method and adds a critical second layer of security to user sign-ins and transactions.

A service provider offers customers storage or software services available via a private or public network (cloud). It means the storage and software are available for access via the Internet. It is low cost. A telecom cloud provider is a telecommunications company that has shifted its focus to dedicate existing infrastructure to provide cloud services.